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Yoga Philosophy Nov 6, 2026 5 min read Himalayan Iyengar Yoga Centre

How to Calm a Disturbed Mind, According to Patanjali

पतंजलि के अनुसार अशांत मन को कैसे शांत करें

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Every one of us has had a mind that will not settle. A sharp word at work, an unanswered message, an old worry that comes back at midnight, and suddenly the thoughts are racing. We usually want one thing at that moment: a way to calm down, and quickly. Patanjali, who compiled the Yoga Sutras, understood this problem well. He gives more than one remedy, some that work within minutes and some that change how we live. Here they are in plain words.

In Short

  • Sutra 1.34 offers the fastest tool: working with the breath, especially a slow exhalation.
  • Sutras 1.32 and 1.35 to 1.39 offer another: fixing the mind on one steady object.
  • Sutra 1.33, chitta prasadanam, is the long-term foundation: four attitudes toward four kinds of people.
  • Sutra 2.33 gives a tool for the moment of anger or envy: turn the thought around.

Why the Mind Gets Disturbed

Before the remedies, Patanjali describes the problem. Sutra 1.30 lists the distractions that scatter the mind: illness, dullness, doubt, carelessness, laziness, craving, wrong understanding, failure to hold progress and instability. Sutra 1.31 then names what comes along with them: sorrow, despair, trembling of the body and irregular breathing. That last item matters. It tells us the breath and the mind are tied together. When one is rough, the other usually is too. This is exactly why breath is the first place to look.

The Breath: The Quickest Door

Sutra 1.34: Pracchardana-vidharanabhyam va pranasya. Or the mind becomes clear by expelling and holding the breath.

Patanjali is brief here, but the idea is clear. Working consciously with the exhalation and the pause that follows it steadies the mind. Two simple forms are widely taught.

A slower exhale

Breathe in gently for a count of four, then breathe out slowly for a count of eight. Keep it comfortable and never strained. Many people find that two or three minutes of this slows the heartbeat and softens the grip of stress, because a long out-breath tells the body it is safe to relax.

Alternate nostril breathing (Nadi Shodhana)

Close the right nostril with the thumb and breathe in through the left. Close the left nostril and breathe out through the right. Breathe in through the right, close it, and breathe out through the left. That is one round. Go slowly and quietly, and stop if you feel dizzy.

A word of care: gentle exhalation practices are suitable for most people, but holding the breath should be learned from a qualified teacher, particularly if you have heart or breathing problems, high blood pressure or are pregnant.

One Steady Object

Sutra 1.32: Tat-pratishedhartham eka-tattva-abhyasah. To remove these obstacles, practise on a single principle.

A mind that jumps from thought to thought grows calmer when it is given one thing to hold. Sutras 1.35 to 1.39 offer several choices: a refined sense experience, an inner light free of sorrow, a mind resting on a person or thing free from attachment, the knowledge gained in sleep or dream, or meditation on anything that appeals to you. In other words, the object should be something your mind actually likes to rest on.

In practice this can be as simple as feeling the breath at the tip of the nose, watching a candle flame in the traditional practice of Trataka, or resting attention on an inner feeling of light. Pick one and stay with it. Do not keep changing it.

Chitta Prasadanam: The Foundation

Sutra 1.33: Maitri-karuna-mudita-upekshanam sukha-duhkha-punya-apunya-vishayanam bhavanatas chitta-prasadanam. By cultivating friendliness toward the happy, compassion toward the suffering, joy toward the virtuous and equanimity toward the non-virtuous, the mind becomes clear and serene.

This is the one sutra people tend to skip, because it is not a breathing trick. It asks us to change how we relate to other people. Yet it speaks to the cause of much of our agitation. Look at what usually unsettles us: we envy the happy, judge the suffering, compete with the good and rage at the wicked. Patanjali gives an attitude for each.

When you meet someone who is…Cultivate…What it does for the mind
Happy (sukha)Friendliness (maitri)Dissolves jealousy and envy
Suffering (duhkha)Compassion (karuna)Replaces judgment with a wish to help
Virtuous (punya)Joy and goodwill (mudita)Removes competitiveness and inspires
Harmful (apunya)Equanimity (upeksha)Stops us from absorbing their anger

A note on upeksha. It does not mean approving of harm, and it does not mean ignoring it. It means refusing to let someone else's conduct take over your inner peace. You can still protect yourself and others. You just do not carry the poison around.

This is not a quick fix, and it should not be sold as one. It is a way of living, and it takes time. But anyone who manages the shift in the moment, even once, tends to feel the relief at once.

Turning the Thought Around

Sutra 2.33: Vitarka-badhane pratipaksha-bhavanam. When harmful thoughts trouble you, cultivate the opposite.

This is a separate sutra from the second chapter, and it works well alongside 1.33. When irritation toward someone flares up, pause and deliberately turn your thoughts toward kindness or compassion for that person. You are not pretending the irritation is absent. You are giving the mind a different direction while it is still hot.

Which One Should You Use?

  • In a rush of anxiety or anger: start with the breath, then turn the thought around.
  • When the mind will not stop wandering: choose one object and stay with it.
  • For lasting calm: keep working with the four attitudes of 1.33 in daily life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does “chitta prasadanam” mean?+

Chitta is the mind and prasadanam is clarity or serenity. It is the clearing and settling of the mind that comes from the four attitudes in Sutra 1.33.

What is “vikshepa”?+

It means distraction or scattering of the mind. The distractions are listed in Sutra 1.30.

Is breath retention safe for everyone?+

No. Gentle, comfortable exhalation is fine for most people, but breath holding should be learned from a qualified teacher, and some health conditions call for extra care.

Can these practices replace medical help?+

No. They support wellbeing, but if anxiety or distress is severe or lasts for a long time, please speak to a doctor or a mental health professional.

Closing Thought

Patanjali does not offer a single trick. He offers a set of tools, from a slow breath to a kinder way of seeing other people. Use the quick ones when the mind is storming, and keep working on the deeper ones when it is calm. Over time the disturbed mind has fewer places to catch fire.

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